宏条形码(Metabarcode):是DNA条形码技术的延伸应用,指从环境样本(如土壤、水体、粪便)或混合生物样本中提取总DNA,利用通用引物同时扩增多个物种的特定短基因片段(如线粒体COI基因、rRNA基因等),再通过高通量测序和生物信息分析,一次性鉴定样本中存在的所有生物类群。
与针对单一物种的传统DNA条形码不同,宏条形码无需分离纯化个体,能高效解析复杂群落的物种组成。该技术已广泛应用于生态监测(如水生浮游生物、土壤无脊椎动物多样性评估)、食性分析、入侵物种早期检测及古环境重建等领域。其高通量、标准化和可重复的特点,克服了传统形态学鉴定依赖专业知识、耗时长的局限,极大提升了生物多样性监测的效率和分辨率,是现代分子生态学与环境评估的重要工具。
宏条形码技术凭借其高通量、快速、不依赖形态学鉴定等优势,已被广泛应用于生态学、环境科学、农业及生物监测等多个领域。主要应用方向包括:
宏条形码鉴定的核心精度取决于引物的通用性与特异性。我们基于多年环境 DNA 项目经验与数万样本验证,构建多基因、多区段、全覆盖的靶向引物体系,针对不同类群生物选择最优扩增区域,兼顾扩增效率、物种分辨率、注释成功率,实现从微生物到高等动植物的精准捕获与准确鉴定。
| 扩增基因 | 扩增区域 | 适用样本 |
| CO1 | CO1 | 引物1:脊椎动物(哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类、鱼类),若要鉴定更多物种,建议和12S联合使用。 |
| 引物2:节肢动物、软体动物、棘皮动物(如昆虫纲、软甲纲、双壳纲、腹足纲、海胆纲)。 | ||
| 12S | 12S | 引物1:脊椎动物(哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类、鱼类),若要鉴定更多物种,建议和CO1联合使用。 |
| 引物2、3:可以鉴定淡水和海水鱼,引物3偏向淡水鱼、引物2偏向海水鱼。针对组成较复杂的样本(不仅仅包含鱼类),引物3的注释率更高。 | ||
| 叶绿体 | rbcL | 百合科、毛茛科、十字花科、豆科、葫芦科、禾本科、菊科、茄科、锦葵科,两对引物可以相互补充。 |
| trnL | ||
| rbcL | 引物1:真核藻类,甲藻、隐藻首选,还可以测到硅藻,鉴定的藻类丰富度较高 | |
| 引物2:绿藻引物 | ||
| 引物3:硅藻首选,还可以鉴定到绿藻、甲藻、隐藻。 | ||
| 18S | 18S V4 | 引物1:综合想要浮游动物和浮游植物 |
| 引物2:偏向浮游动物 | ||
| 引物3:偏向浮游植物 | ||
| 18S V7 | 引物1:偏向浮游动物 | |
| 引物2:偏向浮游植物 | ||
| 18S V9 | 原生生物与18S V4互补,还可以鉴定其他真核生物 | |
| 线虫18S V7-V9 | 线虫专项引物 | |
| 16S | 16S | 鱼类种类鉴定 |
| …… | ||
| 期刊 | 题目 | 合作单位 |
| Water Research | Amoeba community dynamics and assembly mechanisms in full-scale drinking water distribution networks under various disinfectant regimens | 同济大学 |
| Journal of Hazardous Materials | Ecotoxicological impact of virgin and environmental microplastics leachate on Chlorella vulgaris: Synergistic microbial-pollutant drivers cripple photosynthesis | 海南大学 |
| Journal of Water Process Engineering | Nitrogen transformations and associated microbial characteristics in tidal flow constructed wetlands based on ANAMMOX operated at different temperatures | 安徽农业大学 |
| Environmental Pollution | Investigating the impact of fecal contamination on antibiotic resistance genes in urban environments using host-associated molecular indicators | 山西医科大学 |
| Journal of Hazardous Materials | Enhancing pollutants removal in hospital wastewater: Comparative analysis of PAC coagulation vs. bio-contact oxidation, highlighting the impact of outdated treatment plants | 中国疾病预防控制中心 |
| Water Research | Diversity and biogeography of bacterial community in the Ili River network varies locally and regionally | 中国科学院武汉植物园 |
| Water Research | One-step bioremediation of hypersaline and nutrient-rich food industry process water with a domestic microbial community containing diatom Halamphora coffeaeformis | 深圳大学 |
| Water Research | Biogenic manganese oxides promote metal(loid) remediation by shaping microbial communities in biological aqua crust | 中山大学 |
| BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY | Efficient nitrogen removal by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification yeast Candida boidinii L21: Performance, pathway and application | 华南师范大学 |
| Journal of Hazardous Materials | The enhancement effect of n-Fe3O4 on methyl orange reduction by nitrogen-fixing bacteria consortium | 安徽农业大学 |
| Environmental Pollution | Insights into the panorama of multiple DNA viruses in municipal wastewater and recycled sludge in Tianjin, China | 南开大学 |
| Microbial Ecology | SALINITY-Induced Changes in Diversity, Stability, and Functional Profiles of Microbial Communities in Different Saline Lakes in Arid Areas | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| Microbiome | Anthropogenic activities mediate stratification and stability of microbial communities in freshwater sediments | 河海大学 |
| Chemical Engineering Journal | Influence of wastewater antibiotic resistance difference on horizontal gene transfer risk using electrochemical flow-through reaction | 天津大学 |
| Environmental Science & Technology | Mycobacteriaceae Mineralizes Micropolyethylene in Riverine Ecosystems | 广东省科学院 |
| Environmental Research | Grain size distribution drives microbial communities vertically assemble in nascent lake sediments | 河海大学 |
| Environmental Research | Application of urease-producing microbial community in seawater to dust suppression in desert | 山东科技大学 |
| Results in Engineering | Characterization of biofilm bacterial communities in rural drainage system ancillary facilities | 中国科学院生态环境科学研究中心 |